Article 15(4)
E1014745
Article 15(4) is a constitutional provision in India that empowers the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, particularly in education and public employment.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Article 15(4) canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T13020599 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article 15(4) Context triple: [Article 15 of the Constitution of India, containsClause, Article 15(4)]
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A.
Article 48
Article 48 was a crucial emergency powers clause in the Weimar Constitution that allowed the German president to rule by decree and suspend civil liberties, later facilitating Adolf Hitler’s rise to dictatorship.
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B.
Article 39
Article 39 is a provision of the United Nations Charter that empowers the Security Council to determine the existence of threats to peace, breaches of the peace, or acts of aggression and to decide on measures to address them.
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C.
Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
-
D.
Article 54 of the Basic Law
Article 54 of the Basic Law is the German constitutional provision that regulates the election, term, and basic framework for the office of the Federal President.
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E.
Article 14: Boundaries
Article 14: Boundaries is the section of the Indiana Constitution that defines and describes the official geographic limits and borders of the State of Indiana.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article 15(4) Target entity description: Article 15(4) is a constitutional provision in India that empowers the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, particularly in education and public employment.
-
A.
Article 48
Article 48 was a crucial emergency powers clause in the Weimar Constitution that allowed the German president to rule by decree and suspend civil liberties, later facilitating Adolf Hitler’s rise to dictatorship.
-
B.
Article 39
Article 39 is a provision of the United Nations Charter that empowers the Security Council to determine the existence of threats to peace, breaches of the peace, or acts of aggression and to decide on measures to address them.
-
C.
Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
-
D.
Article 54 of the Basic Law
Article 54 of the Basic Law is the German constitutional provision that regulates the election, term, and basic framework for the office of the Federal President.
-
E.
Article 14: Boundaries
Article 14: Boundaries is the section of the Indiana Constitution that defines and describes the official geographic limits and borders of the State of Indiana.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
constitutional provision
ⓘ
provision of the Constitution of India ⓘ |
| aimsToAddress | historical disadvantages of certain communities ⓘ |
| allows |
other special measures for advancement of backward classes
ⓘ
reservation of seats in educational institutions ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Scheduled Castes
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Scheduled Tribes ⓘ socially and educationally backward classes of citizens ⓘ |
| beneficiaryCriterion |
educational backwardness
ⓘ
social backwardness ⓘ |
| beneficiaryGroup | Other Backward Classes (OBCs) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| bindingOn |
State Governments in India
ⓘ
Union Government of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| constitutionalGoal |
social justice
ⓘ
substantive equality ⓘ |
| constitutionalPart | Part III of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| constitutionalPosition | exception to the general rule of non-discrimination in Article 15(1) ⓘ |
| empowers |
State to make special provisions for Scheduled Castes
ⓘ
State to make special provisions for Scheduled Tribes ⓘ State to make special provisions for advancement of socially and educationally backward classes ⓘ |
| fallsUnder | Fundamental Rights ⓘ |
| inForce | true ⓘ |
| interpretedInCase |
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
M.R. Balaji v. State of Mysore NERFINISHED ⓘ State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan NERFINISHED ⓘ T. Devadasan v. Union of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| introducedByAmendment | First Amendment to the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalEffect |
creates an enabling provision for reservations
ⓘ
permits special provisions that would otherwise be barred by Article 15(1) ⓘ |
| legalSystem | Indian constitutional law ⓘ |
| locatedInDocument | Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf | Article 15 of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| policyInstrumentFor | reservation in admissions to educational institutions ⓘ |
| primaryDomain |
education
ⓘ
public employment ⓘ |
| purpose |
advancement of Scheduled Castes
ⓘ
advancement of Scheduled Tribes ⓘ advancement of socially and educationally backward classes ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Article 15(1)
ⓘ
Article 16(4) ⓘ reservation in educational institutions ⓘ reservation in public services ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
affirmative action
ⓘ
equality and non-discrimination ⓘ reservation policy ⓘ |
| typeOfProvision | enabling provision ⓘ |
| yearIntroduced | 1951 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Article 15(4) Description of subject: Article 15(4) is a constitutional provision in India that empowers the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, particularly in education and public employment.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.