Article 15(4)
E1014745
Article 15(4) is a constitutional provision in India that empowers the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, particularly in education and public employment.
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
constitutional provision
ⓘ
provision of the Constitution of India ⓘ |
| aimsToAddress | historical disadvantages of certain communities ⓘ |
| allows |
other special measures for advancement of backward classes
ⓘ
reservation of seats in educational institutions ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Scheduled Castes
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Scheduled Tribes ⓘ socially and educationally backward classes of citizens ⓘ |
| beneficiaryCriterion |
educational backwardness
ⓘ
social backwardness ⓘ |
| beneficiaryGroup | Other Backward Classes (OBCs) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| bindingOn |
State Governments in India
ⓘ
Union Government of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| constitutionalGoal |
social justice
ⓘ
substantive equality ⓘ |
| constitutionalPart | Part III of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| constitutionalPosition | exception to the general rule of non-discrimination in Article 15(1) ⓘ |
| empowers |
State to make special provisions for Scheduled Castes
ⓘ
State to make special provisions for Scheduled Tribes ⓘ State to make special provisions for advancement of socially and educationally backward classes ⓘ |
| fallsUnder | Fundamental Rights ⓘ |
| inForce | true ⓘ |
| interpretedInCase |
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
M.R. Balaji v. State of Mysore NERFINISHED ⓘ State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan NERFINISHED ⓘ T. Devadasan v. Union of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| introducedByAmendment | First Amendment to the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalEffect |
creates an enabling provision for reservations
ⓘ
permits special provisions that would otherwise be barred by Article 15(1) ⓘ |
| legalSystem | Indian constitutional law ⓘ |
| locatedInDocument | Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf | Article 15 of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| policyInstrumentFor | reservation in admissions to educational institutions ⓘ |
| primaryDomain |
education
ⓘ
public employment ⓘ |
| purpose |
advancement of Scheduled Castes
ⓘ
advancement of Scheduled Tribes ⓘ advancement of socially and educationally backward classes ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Article 15(1)
ⓘ
Article 16(4) ⓘ reservation in educational institutions ⓘ reservation in public services ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
affirmative action
ⓘ
equality and non-discrimination ⓘ reservation policy ⓘ |
| typeOfProvision | enabling provision ⓘ |
| yearIntroduced | 1951 ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.