Plasmodium falciparum malaria
E1000769
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the most severe and deadly form of human malaria, caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 |
| Plasmodium falciparum malaria canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T12740253 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Plasmodium falciparum malaria Context triple: [Pontine Marshes, notableDisease, Plasmodium falciparum malaria]
-
A.
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in humans, primarily affecting internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
-
B.
Anopheles mosquitoes
Anopheles mosquitoes are a genus of blood-feeding insects best known as major vectors of human diseases such as malaria and lymphatic filariasis.
-
C.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa best known for causing diseases such as African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease in humans and other animals.
-
D.
Surra
Surra is a residential district in Kuwait City known for its central location and mix of housing, schools, and local services.
-
E.
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic blood fluke that infects humans and causes intestinal schistosomiasis, a significant neglected tropical disease.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Plasmodium falciparum malaria Target entity description: Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the most severe and deadly form of human malaria, caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
-
A.
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in humans, primarily affecting internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
-
B.
Anopheles mosquitoes
Anopheles mosquitoes are a genus of blood-feeding insects best known as major vectors of human diseases such as malaria and lymphatic filariasis.
-
C.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa best known for causing diseases such as African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease in humans and other animals.
-
D.
Surra
Surra is a residential district in Kuwait City known for its central location and mix of housing, schools, and local services.
-
E.
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic blood fluke that infects humans and causes intestinal schistosomiasis, a significant neglected tropical disease.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (72)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
infectious disease
ⓘ
parasitic disease ⓘ vector-borne disease ⓘ |
| affects |
humans
ⓘ
liver ⓘ red blood cells ⓘ |
| belongsToCategory | falciparum malaria ⓘ |
| cause |
acute kidney injury
ⓘ
anemia ⓘ cerebral malaria ⓘ chills ⓘ complicated malaria ⓘ fever ⓘ headache ⓘ high parasitemia ⓘ hypoglycemia ⓘ jaundice ⓘ metabolic acidosis ⓘ multi-organ failure ⓘ pulmonary edema ⓘ severe anemia ⓘ severe malaria ⓘ shock ⓘ |
| differsFrom |
Plasmodium knowlesi malaria
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Plasmodium malariae malaria ⓘ Plasmodium ovale malaria ⓘ Plasmodium vivax malaria ⓘ |
| geographicDistribution |
Oceania
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
South Asia NERFINISHED ⓘ Southeast Asia NERFINISHED ⓘ parts of Latin America ⓘ sub-Saharan Africa NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasCausativeAgent | Plasmodium falciparum NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasComplication |
cerebral malaria
ⓘ
low birth weight ⓘ maternal anemia ⓘ placental malaria ⓘ stillbirth ⓘ |
| hasHighestBurdenIn | sub-Saharan Africa NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasIncubationPeriod | approximately 7 to 14 days ⓘ |
| hasLifeCycleStage |
blood stage
ⓘ
gametocyte stage ⓘ liver stage ⓘ |
| hasPathogenesisFeature |
cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes
ⓘ
endothelial activation ⓘ rosetting of red blood cells ⓘ sequestration in microvasculature ⓘ |
| hasRiskFactor |
HIV infection
ⓘ
lack of immunity ⓘ pregnancy ⓘ residence in endemic area ⓘ young age ⓘ |
| intermediateHost | Anopheles mosquito NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| isLeadingCauseOf | malaria-related mortality worldwide ⓘ |
| preventedBy |
chemoprophylaxis
ⓘ
indoor residual spraying ⓘ insecticide-treated bed nets ⓘ intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy ⓘ |
| primaryHost | human ⓘ |
| recognizedBy | World Health Organization NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| transmissionRoute |
blood transfusion
ⓘ
congenital transmission ⓘ mosquito bite ⓘ |
| transmittedBy |
Anopheles funestus
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Anopheles gambiae complex NERFINISHED ⓘ Anopheles mosquito NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| treatedWith |
artemisinin-based combination therapy
ⓘ
atovaquone-proguanil ⓘ intravenous artesunate ⓘ mefloquine ⓘ quinine ⓘ |
| vector | female Anopheles mosquito ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Plasmodium falciparum malaria Description of subject: Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the most severe and deadly form of human malaria, caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Anopheles
this entity surface form:
Plasmodium falciparum